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@intim tant 'atwt @ffies PLOUGH.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK VOLKMAN, of Hoboken, Hudson county, New Jersey, have invented new4 andvimproved Plough; and I do hereby declare that the followingis-a full, clear, and exact description thereof',` which will enable others skilled in the art to make and useY the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in whichv I Figure 1 reprcsentsa front elevation of my improved plough.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.

Figure 3 is a plan or top view of the same.

Figure 4 is a detail side view of a' portion of the plough-beam.

Figure 5 is a plan or top view of the same; and

Figure 6 is a vertical cross-section of the same, taken on the line z tig. 4.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parte` This invention relates to certain improvements on the plough for which Letters Patent were issued to me on the twenty-seventh'day of November, 1866. j

rhe improvement consists, first, in so securing the lower end of the upright screw-shaft, to which the front end of the ploughbeam is secured, in the axle of the plough-cart that the upper frame and sliding block for sustaining the upper part of the said screw-shaft may be dispensed with; second, in making the axle of one solid piece, not weakening it by slots, as in the original patent, and bending the draught-bar so that it will pass under the axle and not through the same; third, in making the attachment of the draught-chain to the plough-beam laterally adjustable, so that it'can be regulated in conformity with the wearing of the ploughsharc.,

A represents the axle of the plough-cart. B is the large wheel, and G-the small wheel. Both of thel latter are hung to the axle in the; ordinary mannexgbut if desired the small wheel can be secured to an adjustable L-shaped bar, as described in the aforesaid Letters Patent. The axle is made of one solid bar of iron, or

other suitable material, and is provided with round or other vertical holesia a to receive the lower end of the screw-shaft D, which passes entirely through the axle, projecting below the same, as shown; A clamp, E, is secured around the axle, so as to enclose the screw-shaft directly above and below the axle, and is provided with aset-screw, a', which presses against the front of the axle. By means of this set-screw the screw-shaft can be so rmly clamped between the front of the axle and the rear of the clamp E that it will be immovable, and cannot be turned. A key, b, can be passed through the shaft D below the axle A, as shown in iig. 1, for the purpose of preventing the said shaft from being raised out of the axle, while a shoulder is formed onthe screw, by which it rests upon the clamp E or axle A. When the'screw is to be adjusted on the axle the key-b inust be removed, and the screw can'then be set.into any one of the holes in the axle, and secured therein, the clamp being fitted around that port-ion of the axle through which the screw is tc pass. c is the upper nut, which lits around the screw D, and to lwhich the balance-beamrd ifs-pivoted, that is, connected by chains c e with the front end of the plough-beam F. f is the lower nut or double nut, also surd rounding the screw D, which nut isconnected-by'the chain g with the left-hand side of the plough-beam F.

'The chain g is made adjustable by means of` theset-screw hi- All these parts, c, d, e,f, g, and t, are substan' tially like those escribed in the aforesaid Letters Patent.' G is the draught-bar, which is pivoted to the under side of the axle A by means of a bolt, 2', which passes through one of, the holes in the axle A, and through the back part of the draught-bar. A key, j, is passed through the lower end o f the bolt to sustain the draught-bar.

H is the'scmicirculai perforated or notched plate, which is secured to-tlrcaxle, and projects from the front of the same; and k is the set-screw, and l the clamp, by which the` bar Grissecured to the plate H. I is the draught-chain, which is connected with the draught-bar; in the manner shown in fig. 2, and of which the rear end is secured to a loop or link, J, that is secured to the ploughlbeam. This loop or link is made of strong wire or bar iron, and is bent so as to form the three sides of asquare or oblong, as is clearly shown in figs. 4, 5, and 6. The side or end armsv are pivoted to a bolt, in, which completes the square. The lower arm is provided at or near its left side with a downward bent projection, wherein the chain is held and conned. The bolt m passes thronghajbox, K, which is secured on top o f the plough-beam, and in which a sct-screw, n, is arranged for holding and clamping the bolt m in any position. I

By this device the end of the draught-chain isalways held below the plough-beam; but it can be' arranged nearer to orfurtherY from the land-side of the plougli-beani by shifting; the loop J m in the box K, and then securing it in the new position by the set-screw n. This arrangement is necessary, as the lower edge of the mould-board is worn oli', and the plough will then be apt to lean in the direction in lwhich the draught-chain tends to place' it. It is therefore necessary to weaken in such a case the power of the chain, and remove it a little fromthe extreme left-hand side of the plough-beam.

Having thus described my invention, wha-t I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, `is

1. Securing the upright screw-shaft D in the axle A, in the manner set forth, and clamping it by means of a set-screw, a', and clamp E, substantially as herein shown and described. l

2. The link J, vwhen' arranged laterally adjustable on the plough-beam,.substantially as herein shown and described, and for the purpose of changing the draught of the chain I.

3, The adjustable draught-bar G, when seeuredby a bolt, i, to the sol'nl axle A, and when connected with thedraught-chain I, substantially as set forth. j

4. Securing the frontend oi' the plough-beam to a vertical rod, D, which projects from the axle of a cart, substantially as herein shown and described, the said rod not being secured or supported in any frame or, other devicethat is arranged above the axle A and in contact with the same, substantially as set forth, and for the purpose of making the whole cart lighter and 'of simpler construction.

` F. VOLKMAN.

Witnesses:

v WM. Fll McNAMAnA, ALEX. F. ROBERTS. 

